Energy-gap analysis of quantum spin-glass transitions at zero temperature

We study for random quantum spin systems the energy gap between the ground and first excited states to clarify a relation to the spin-glass–paramagnetic phase transition. We find that for the transverse Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model the vanishing of the averaged gap does not identify the transition. A power-law form of the gap distribution function leads to power-law distributions of the linear, spin-glass, and nonlinear susceptibilities. They diverge at different points, which we attribute to a quantum “Griffiths” mechanism. On the other hand, the classical treatment is justified for the transverse random energy model and the phase transition can be found by a sudden change of the ground state.